| A Statistical Analysis of the Social Behavior of the Male Stumptail Macaque (Macaca arctoides) | Table I: Frequency of Behaviors as a Function of Dominance Status | Page 20 |
| Obtained frequency (a) | |||||
| Behavior | Abbrev. | dominant (vs.sub.) |
dominant (vs.dom.) |
sub. | Bertrand's terminology (b) |
| Behaviors shown mostly by dominant (vs. subordinates) | |||||
| Hit, yank, shove or bump Lying down estrain firmly Biting the back Patrol locomotion Restrain roughly Run towards Yawn Round mouth frown Walk away |
HYSB Lyng Rstf BtBk Ptrl RstR RnTo Fc4X Fc21 WkAw |
19 17 10 18 117 24 11 37 44 206 |
0 0 0 4 (6.9) 22 (38) 11 (19) 5 (8.6) 11 (19) 16 (27) 86 (147) |
0 0 0 0 23 0 1 15 24 125 |
Pat, slap, cuff, pull, grab, push Same Not distinguished Not distinguished from BtFr Patrolling Not distinguished See (c) Same. See (d) Not mentioned. See (d, e) See (c) |
| Behaviors shown mostly by dominant (vs. dominant) | |||||
| Teeth chomping Biting-frontal Masturbation Threat lunge Manipulate genitals of opponent Autostimulation Tremulo exhalation Mounting Lip smacking Biting self Teeth chattering face Repeated bouncing Bared-Teeth face Grunting Wide open mouth Barking Open mouth threat Pant-grunting Presenting |
Chmp BtFr Mstb Lnge MnpO Auto Exhl Mont FcLS BtSf FcTC RBnc Fc23/33 Grnt Fc3X Bark Fc31 Pant Prst |
0 2 12 1 2 7 15 30 25 20 27 35 12 55 20 18 9 11 79 |
13 (22) 10 (17) 73 (125) 4 (6.9) 5 (8.6) 16 (27) 31 (53) 37 (63) 73 (125) 26 (45) 52 (89) 29 (50) 47 (81) 65 (111) 56 (96) 13 (22) 22 (38) 26 (46) 65 (111) |
0 0 24 1 1 3 17 9 52 10 35 1 51 35 59 4 29 23 73 |
Not mentioned (f) See biting the back Same Same Genital manipulation Same Same Same Lipsmacking face Not mentioned. See (g) Same Same Bared teeth threat, fright faces Several types of grunts Not mentioned. See notes (d, e) High pitched barks Open mouth threat face Same Same |
| Behaviors shown mostly by subordinates | |||||
| Crouching Screaming Biting cable Hit at -no contact Cooing Run away Climb up Climb down Self grooming Grin or grimace Allo-Grooming |
Crch Scrm BtCb HtNC Coo RnAw ClbU ClbD SGrm Fc13 AGrm |
0 1 3 1 12 4 17 15 92 8 66 |
0 2 (3.4) 0 0 0 7 (12) 1 (1.7) 1 (1.7) 75 (129) 13 (22) 43 (74) |
9 32 22 5 25 20 33 22 200 24 96 |
Same Various types of screams No restraint cable used Intention pat, slap, cuff Same See (c) Climbing Climbing Same Grin face Social grooming |
| Behaviors shown equally by animals of any status | |||||
| Sitting Walk towards Standing Walk parallel to other Cage shaking |
Sit WkTo Stnd WkPp Shkg |
456 147 55 46 5 |
205 (351) 82 (141) 63 (108) 22 (38) 0 |
516 185 84 62 4 |
Various types of sitting See (c) Not distinguished See (c) Branch shaking |
(a) Frequency that each behavior occurred by dominants versus subordinates, dominants versus dominants, and subordinates versus dominants. Frequencies of behaviors by dominants versus dominants are multiplied by 1.714 (in parentheses) to estimate the frequency that might have been expected if the total number of tests and observed behaviors had been equal in each category.
(b) Terminology follows that of Bertrand [1969] unless otherwise indicated.
(c) Terminology for running and walking is based only on speed and direction without regard for animal's apparent intention, unlike the system used by Bertrand.
(d) Static facial expressions were noted in terms of lip and mouth retraction (see text).
(e) Described in stumptall macaques by Chevalier-Skolnikoff [1974].
(f) Described in rhesus macaques as "teeth grinding."
(g) Described in stumptall macaques by Goosen [1975].
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