Motivational Systems of Agonistic Behavior in Muroid Rodents

TABLE I c: Terminology of Offense Motor Patterns in Various Muroid Rodents

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Table continued from previous page

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| |	Genus and species	| |	Authors	| |	Approach	| |	Bite-and-kick attack	| |	Offensive sideways posture	| |	Offensive upright posture
Family Cricetidae (continued)
Lemmus lemmus		Arvola et al, 1962		Approach Chase		Wrestling Chase and bite		(not mentioned)		Boxing
L trimucronatus		Banks and Popham, 1975		Approach Chase		Tumble		(not mentioned)		Pawing
Dicrostonyx groenlandicus		Allin and Banks, 1968		Approach Chase		Attack Tumble		(not mentioned)		Offensive upright Boxing
Clethrionomys species		Johst, 1967		Annaherung Jagen		Anspringen Beissen		Seitwarts-besegung		Aufrechts-stellung
Microtus species		Colvin, 1973		Approach Chase		Wrestle		(not mentioned)		Boxing
M agrestis		Clarke, 1956		Approach Jumping at Chase		Wrestling (Fig. 8) Attack		Hunched attitude Waltzing Marking time		Boxing
Psammomys obesus		Daly and Daly, 1975		Chase		Chase and bite rump (other bite-and-kick not observed)		Sidling		Upright stance
Sigmodon species		Peterson and Hellend, 1978		Approach Chase		Wrestle, bite		(not mentioned)		Upright stance Boxing
Note: Ethograms have been made for other muroid rodents, but apparently offense behavior was not observed. This includes the ethogram of Cricetomys gambianus [Ewer, 1967] and Spalax ehrenbergi [Guttman et al, 1975].