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It was seen as an important moment in the political life of the country, marking the beginning of a process of reflection and collective action for peace and development. In agreeing on the final Statement of the Forum, the participants recognized the absolute necessity of taking urgent measures to sustain the will for peace'. They endorsed an immediate action programme to reorganize the armed forces and police in order to strengthen its mission of preserving order, and to rehabilitate the judicial services of the country. In particular, a Committee was constituted and charged with proposing a programme for the disarmament of the various paramilitary forces associated with political groups. As these forces are composed primarily of young men, their economic reintegration into the civil society is seen as a high priority.
Heads of state and government from the neighbouring countries of Central Africa attended the Forum and added their weight to the importance of its decisions. This is a good sign for future peace in the sub region. Among the leaders present, in addition to the Director General of UNESCO and the President of the Congo, were the Presidents of Burundi, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, the Central African Republic, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe and the Prime Minister of Tchad and President of the Economic and Social Council of Cameroon.
The leaders affirmed their commitment to dialogue and consensus and their adherence to a culture of peace as defined by UNESCO. They signed a Communique of Chiefs of State and Government of Central Africa committing themselves to pursue their contacts in order to assure the realization of the dynamic process of dialogue for conflict resolution set in motion by the Forum.
Three Commissions worked extensively during the forum: peace and education; peace and democracy; and peace and sustainable development. They each elaborated detailed sets of recommendations which may be used as the basis for the development of a National Culture of Peace Programme in the Congo.
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Definition of peace
Peace is dynamic. Peace is a just and non violent solution of conflicts. It generates an equilibrium in social interactions, so that all of the members of society can live in harmonious relations with each other. Peace is good for society. Where there is violence there is no peace. Where there is injustice and absence of liberty, there is no peace. In order for there to be an equilibrium in the dynamic of social interactions, peace must be founded on justice and liberty.
From Cultura de Paz, published by The Peruvian Permanent National Commission for Peace Education
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Haiti
The culture of democracy and culture of peace were developed as themes by UNESCO at the International Colloquium on the Democratic Transition held in Haiti in July 1995. The colloquium was sponsored by the President of Haiti, the Minister of Culture and the various United Nations organizations present in the country, including UNESCO. Recommendations from the debates are expected to lead to future actions for a culture of peace.
Peru
In 1986, to commemorate the United Nations International Year of Peace and to address the serious problems of violence in Peru, the Permanent National Commission for Peace Education of the Ministry of Education of Peru commissioned and published what may be considered as the first major work on the culture of peace. The book, Cultura de Paz produced under the direction of Felipe MacGregor, S.J., explains through illustrations and in simple language the origins and types of violence, including structural violence, the basic principles of a culture of peace, and a programme for peace education (see box which quotes from its definition of peace).
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