Figure 2. Flow chart of all nonrandom within-animal sequences of acts and posture for dominant male stumptail macaque when confronted with a subordinate male. Transitions from one act or posture to another are shown as straight arrows, and nonrandom repetitions of the same one are shown as reflexive arrows. Vocalizations and facial expressions that were associated in nonrandom fashion with particular acts and postures are illustrated by large-dashed circles around the appropriate act or posture. Note that the facial expressions of lip-smacking and teeth-chattering face were correlated with most of the complex of acts and postures related to sexual behavior. Abbreviations: (HYSB) hit, yank, shove, or bump; (Lyng) lying down (RstF) restrain firmly; (BtBk) bite-the-back; (Ptrl) patrol locomotion; (RstR) restrain roughly; (RnTo) run toward; (Fc4X) yawn; (Fc2l) round-mouth frown; (WkAw) walk away (Chmp) teeth-chomping; (Mstb) masturbation; (Auto) nonmasturbatory autostimulation; (Exhl) tremulo exhalations; (Mont) mounting; (FcLS) lip smacking; (BtSf) biting or mouthing the arm; (FcTC) teeth-chatter face; (RBnc) repeated bouncing; (Fc23/33) bared-teethface; (Fc3X) wide-open mouth face; (Bark) barking; (Pant) pant-grunting; (Prst) presenting; (Coo) cooing; (ClbU) climbing up on cage; (ClbD) climbing down from cage; (SGrm) self-grooming; (AGrm) allogrooming; (Sit) sitting; (WkTo) walk toward; (Shkg) cage-shaking; (FcI3) grin or grimace. Figure is redrawn from [Adams and Schoel, submitted for publication].