Theoretical unpreparedness
Page 2
Dumas analysis
Page 3
Breakdown of technology
Page 4
Breakdown of science
Page 5
Resource diversion
Pages 6
Unproductive activity
Page 7
Militarization and bureaucracy
Page 8
Why did the USSR fall first?
Page 9
(1) Frederick Engels, Anti-Duhring; Karl Marx and Frederick Engels,Collected Works, Vol. 25, International Publishers, New York, 1987, p.l58. A similar remark may be found in Lenin's assessment of World War 1, V.I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 24, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1963, 309.
(2) Karl Marx, op. cit., Vol. 28, p. 66.
(3) V.I. Lenin,op. cit., Vol. 32, p. 342.
(4) Lloyd Dumas, The Overburdened Economy, University of California Press, 1986.
(5) Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Charles H. Kerr & Co. 1906, pp. 487-488.
(6) SIPRI Yearbook, World Armaments and Disarmament, 1986, 303. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. These figures are conservative. Dumas estimates that the figures were probably 70 percent of government R & D and over 40 percent of total national R & D devoted to military purposes during that period.
(7) Vladimir Petrovsky, "Military Budget in the Light of Glasnost", Reprints from the Soviet Press, 52: 2, 1991, pp. 19- 24.
(8) Mikhail Moiseyev, "Soviet Defense Budget", Reprints from the Soviet Press, 49: 4, 1989, pp. 55-62.
(9) Briefing at the United Nations, November 1, 1990. Agaev is head of the Division of International Security Issues, Department of International Organization of the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
(10) Julian Cooper, "Soviet Military has a Finger in Every Pie," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, December, 1990, pp. 22-25.
(11) Seymour Melman, from taped transcript of a talk given in Stratford, CT, April, 1990.
(12) Dumas, op. cit., p. 223. Further data are cited by Seymour Melman in Profits Without Production (Knopf, New York, 1983), 88: From 1960 to 1978 the U.S. military spent $52 of capital resources for every $100 of all new producers' fixed capital formation. By contrast, in 1977 the comparable figures for West Germany and Japan were $18.90 and $3.70 respectively
(13) Oleg Baklanov, "Problems of Conversion," Reprints from the Soviet Press, 51: 12, 1990, 13-16.
(14) Cooper, op. cit., 22. Cooper estimates that in 1988 the Soviet defense complex possessed 13 percent of all industrial capital stock.
(15) Victor Perlo, Super Profits and Crises: Modern US Capitalism, International Publishers, New York, 1988, 511.
(18) Lenin, op. cit., Vol. 32, 342.
(19) Grigori Vodolazov, 'The Choice of History and the History of Alternatives: Nikolai Bukharin vs. Leon Trotsky ," World Marxist Review, October, 1988, 90-100.
(21) Victor Perlo, "Monopolistic Accumulation and Transnational Expansion':, Political Affairs, June 1991,
(22) The New York Times editorial, December 17, 1985, A26.
(23) Charles Wolf, Jr. 'The Costs of the Soviet Empire," Science, November 29, 1985, 997-1002.
(24) Shafik Jorge Handal, "Disarmament: A Historical Necessity," from a talk given in New York, September 23, 1990, El Salvador Perspectives #11.
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