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Introduction
Page 1
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Results
Pages 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9
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Discussion
Pages 10 - 11
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References
Page 12
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Added figures
Pages 13 - 14 - 15
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Figures
Figures 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10
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Most of the 95 cells recorded in the study were responsive during affective defense, either alone or in addition to control manipulations. In the midbrain, 32 cells were facilitated during affective defense and only eight cells were unaffected. No midbrain cells were inhibited in firing rate during affective defense and all were facilitated by at least one manipulation of the cat. In the hypothalamus and thalamus, 17 cells were facilitated during affective defense, 10 cells were inhibited in firing rate and 28 cells were unaffected.
Anatomical location, response pattern and results of electrical stimulation are presented for all cells in Figs. 4 and 5. More complete data from all cells are presented in Tables 1 through 5, including the complete response pattern of each cell (facilitation, inhibition, or no change in firing rate with respect to each manipulation of the cat), the baseline firing rate, the response during affective defense, the highest or lowest response to any other manipulation of the cat and the behavior obtained by electrical stimulation at the site of the cell. The cells have been divided into five general types on the basis of their response patterns and are arranged in that order in the tables: cells facilitated only or primarily by affective defense; cells facilitated by numerous manipulations containing one common element such as head movement, visual movement or auditory stimuli; other cells facilitated by various manipulations; cells primarily inhibited in firing rate; and cells unaffected by any manipulation.
1. Cells firing only during affective defense.
Four cells from the midbrain central gray or immediately lateral to the central gray fired during every display of affective defense and, with slight exception, did not fire at any other time including during control manipulations. Cell F2 located in the central gray, immediately dorsal to the aqueduct of Sylvius, responded with 8 to 22 spikes per second during each of five displays of affective defense. The only other time that any spike was observed from the cell was once when the partition was opened between the two cats so that they faced each other, but no attack was carried out. Then one spike occurred. Records from cell F2 are shown in Fig. 6. Cell B2 located in the central gray, immediately lateral to the aqueduct of Sylvius, responded with from 2 to 17 spikes during each of seven instances of affective defense. The only time that any other spike was observed from this cell was once when the cat's tail was pinched so hard that the cat hissed and attacked the experimenter. The cell did not fire during another tail pinch when the cat did not attack the experimenter. Cell F1 from the central gray above the aqueduct of Sylvius responded with 10 and II spikes during the one-second measures of two instances of affective defense, but it was injured following the second attack and disappeared after a prolonged injury discharge. This cell also responded with one spike when the cat was dropped. Cell A3 located immediately lateral to the midbrain central gray also fired only during affective defense. Its spikes were recorded at the same site as those of cell A2 which reached its maximal firing rate during affective defense. Cell A3, whose spikes were much greater in amplitude than those of cell A2, fired only three and two spikes respectively during two displays of affective defense and did not fire at any other time. Records from cells B2, F1 and A3 are shown in Fig. 7.
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